A profound confusion has finally settled, permanently, in the minds of Cameroonians through repetition. It is the cons-truth that, "National unity" version Ahmadou Ahidjo, whose crowning achievement was the "peaceful revolution of 20 May 1972", in other words, the abolition of the federal state and the establishment of a single state, would be the completion of the battle undertaken by Cameroon, the division of their homeland by the British and the French, March 4, 1916.
When Cameroonians have learned, March 4, 1916, the division of their land by new invaders What was the French and British anger was unbounded, he was born in them, the irrepressible need to rebuild their country. Immediately, they began a nationalist struggle, which had the dual characteristic of wanting to start the white invaders, and the rebuilding of their homeland. So it was a nationalism of a particular type and unpublished, in the world. Even better, this fight was more nationalist than the one hand, Cameroonians felt that treaties Douala German, for a period of thirty years came to an end July 12, 1914, they have been signed July 12, 1884, on the other hand, they had not been consulted by the British and the French, nor that they take over from the Germans, nor that these new invaders carry out the division of their country.
Cameroonians were all the more justified in thinking that the Germans arrived on their land, had occurred on the basis of an agreement, that is to say, with their consent evidenced by the Douala-German treaty July 12, 1884.
1919, at the peace conference at the end of World War I at Versailles in the suburbs of Paris, Cameroonians have committed, through diplomatic channels, the double battle of the reunification of their country and his release by the British and the French. But they were not heard.
July 20, 1922 for their misfortune, the League of Nations League, had rather, in response, simply legalized the sharing and domination of Kamerun by Great Britain and France, the biggest disappointment of Cameroonians. From that year, Cameroonians will not cease to petition to the Standing Committee Mandates , CPM, the management body of the territories under mandate of this international organization until the end of the this, with the advent of World War II.
The demise of the League, was an event that was perceived by Cameroonians as In the end, likely from foreign domination in their country, and recovery of the latter. But to their misfortune, once again, their fate was decided without their consent. Indeed, 13 December 1946 were signed trust agreements between the United Nations, France and Great Britain, without any consultation of Cameroonians. They just learned one morning that the domination of their territory and its division, would continue under the new global organization that had seen the day in San Francisco that is to say the UN . Needless to say that the news has once again saddened at the highest point. Nevertheless, leur réaction ne s’est pas fait attendre, d’autant que la fin du second conflit mondial s’est traduite, pour eux, par l’octroi de libertés politiques par les deux colonialistes. Ils disposaient, désormais, de la possibilité de s’organiser en partis politiques.
Du côté sous domination française, le 10 avril 1948, c’est connu, ils ont créé un parti politique nationaliste, l’UPC. Son programme politique était, pour rappel, « réunification, immédiate, et indépendance ». Du côté sous domination britannique, ils ont même fait mieux. La quasi-totalité des political parties they have created, all have placed the issue of reunification at the top of their agenda.
But on the other hand, Franco-British, for their part, did not see it that way. They had already, and for eternity, divided our country, and it was totally out of question they call that into question. They are therefore set to fight hard on the French side, this idea, and rather casually, the British side. This explains the fact that nationalists have succeeded in take over the British side, and they were all killed, the French side.
Clearly, the proposed unification was, without further action, nationalist. It was turned against France and Great Britain, in addition to the benefit of Cameroonians.
We have already said, they began chasing the Cameroonian who promoted this idea: Ruben Um Nyobe Felix Moumie, Kingué Abel, Ernest Ouanda, Omog Gertrude Isaac Nyobe Mpandjock, etc.. It's not all they have, through the High Commissioner Roland Pré, carried out the massacres of the week from 22 to 28 May 1955.
Once Roland Pre sacked and replaced by Pierre Messmer, first, then Jean Ramadier thereafter, they brought the discourse on "national unity " as the one on the nail " reunification and independence "that propagated the nationalists. The latter, designed by Jean Ramadier was expounded for the first time February 18, 1958, on the occasion of the inauguration of the second Prime Minister of the semi-autonomous state of Cameroon, Ahmadou Ahidjo. From le lendemain, à savoir le 19 février 1958, et jusqu’à ce jour, les Camerounais se sont ainsi retrouvés face à deux discours antagonistes, opposés, s’excluant l’un l’autre. Celui sur « la réunification et l’indépendance », en langage courant, « Blancs, quittez notre pays et rentrez chez vous », d’une part, et celui sur « l’unité nationale », qui, lui, signifie, « c’est parce que vous êtes constitués en plusieurs tribus que vous ne pouvez pas progresser, que vous êtes sous-développés ; il vous faut donc être unis, et vous sortirez de la pauvreté ».
Clearly, a discourse of blame for the Cameroonians, " you, yourselves, the cause of your troubles, unite and they will end ," a speech of exculpation For the French, " they pulled out of darkness, we have provided health, education, roads, happiness, price, sometimes, their lives . In other words, the French Cameroon from August 1914 to December 31, 1959, were murdered person, burnt no villages, no Cameroonians exploited, burned no field, hanged anyone, etc.. They came here to bring us light, we leave our endless tribal wars, barbarism in which we lived since time immemorial.
How to summarize such a speech? An anti-nationalist.
The 1 st May 1958, Ahmadou Ahidjo, creating a political party in Garoua, Cameroon Union, UC, made his ideology in three points: 1 / - National Union, 2 / - Cameroonian nation, 3 / - Franco-Cameroonian cooperation.
What were the consequences immediate dissolving this discourse of patriotism?
TRIUMPH OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF SPEECH ON NATIONAL UNITY
Cameroonians started by the Ahidjo government interposed, to look through their tribe, because he should not do any tribe that dominates another. The ideologues of Ahmadou Ahidjo theorized this backward vision of things around the themes of "harmonious development and équilibré de la nation », et de « l’équilibre ethnique, l’équilibre régional ». Il fallait, dans chaque ministère, dans chaque administration, dans chaque société parapublique, etc, « équilibrer » les tribus, afin qu’aucune ne prenne le dessus sur une autre. Dans les concours administratifs, le régime d’Ahmadou Ahidjo a introduit une double citoyenneté : une « avantagée par le colonialisme », le Sud Cameroun, et une autre « désavantagée » par celui-ci, le Nord Cameroun. Jusqu’à ce jour, c’est ce discours qui prévaut.
Ruben Um Nyobè, quant à lui, lorsqu’il se rendait à l’ONU, ne le faisait pas pour aller y avantager les Bassaa, son groupe ethnique, au détriment des autres, mais, bel et bien, tous les Camerounais. C’est cet esprit qui gênait, considérablement, les Français, et qu’il fallait tuer pour être en mesure de continuer à dominer notre pays, longtemps après la proclamation de l’indépendance. A ce jour, le moins que l’on puisse dire, est qu’ils y sont parvenus. Et c’est bien dommage…
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